Chromosome pairs refer to two identical copies of a specific chromosome located in the nucleus of a cell. Humans have 46 chromosomes, which are organized into 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) and one set of sex chromosomes (X or Y). These pairs play an important role during sexual reproduction as they ensure that genetic information is passed on to the next generation accurately. During cell division, these chromosome pairs are duplicated and distributed equally between the two daughter cells.